Among the different migratory categories of Cubans residing outside of Cuba, there are three main ones, each with its own set of rights and obligations.
These are strictly enforced either for the emigrants or for the institutions capable of responding for their rights.
It is essential that every Cuban knows his or her immigration status in order to understand his or her rights and obligations. It is also crucial to understand the implications of each category and to follow the necessary procedures to ensure rights and residency in Cuba.
Cubans eligible for entry every 24 months
They retain all their political, economic and social rights on the island. They have access to enter the country freely and without time limit. They can keep their identification documents, such as the Cuban identity card.
They can also acquire property in the country. They retain their right to health, social security and education in the national system. And they have the obligation to enter the country every 24 months or the possibility to request an extension for justified reasons.
Irregular emigrants from Cuba
This category includes citizens who left Cuba irregularly or illegally and those who have been outside the country for more than 24 months without applying for an extension.
Persons in this category automatically lose political rights, the right to free health care and education, and the right to vote in elections. They can only visit Cuba for 90 days, although they retain their Cuban citizenship and can regain their residency status through “repatriation”.
It is important to note that persons in this category lose their property rights (they cannot purchase houses or vehicles) and cannot open businesses on their own account in Cuba. Any imports they make must be paid for in convertible currency.
Cubans with Residence Permits Abroad
Those who train in this category are authorized to live permanently abroad without losing their residency in Cuba. At the same time, they maintain their political rights and legal support on the island.
They have the right to enter the country freely and stay for 6 months or apply for an extension of 12 months. They can own and acquire property and inherit family property.
Options for Cuban citizens living outside of the country
Registration of Cuban citizens:
It is essential to register in the Cuban Registry of Citizens of the country of residence. This will allow you to maintain contact with the embassy or consulate and receive important information.
Identity card:
The identity card must be surrendered during the stay abroad, but can be retrieved upon return to Cuba.
Foreign residence permit:
If you have not yet been classified as a “migrant”, you can apply for the Foreign Residence Permit, which allows you to reside outside of Cuba without losing your residency in the island. This permit can be applied for at consular offices or at the Directorate of Immigration and Foreign Affairs in Cuba.
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